Recomendaciones preanalíticas para la obtención y análisis de ADN circulante a partir de sangre periférica. Recomendación (2018) / Preanalytical recomendations for circulating DNA extraction and analysis from peripheral blood. Recommendation (2018)

El análisis de ADN circulante a partir de sangre periférica ha demostrado ser de utilidad en campos clínicos tan diferentes como la oncología, los trasplantes y el cribado prenatal. Para su incorporación al laboratorio clínico es necesario asegurar protocolos preanalíticos adecuados, reproducibles y estandarizados. En este documento se pretenden dar unas recomendaciones preanalíticas para la obtención de ADN circulante a partir de sangre periférica. Incluyen el tipo de espécimen, el tipo de tubo de extracción, el modo de centrifugación de la muestra, la extracción del ADN circulante y cuantificación, así como su conservación

Cell-free DNA analysis in peripheral blood has been shown to be useful in oncology, organ transplantation, and prenatal screening. For its introduction into the clinical laboratory, it is necessary to ensure appropriate, reproducible and standardised pre-analytical protocols are in place. The aim of this document is to provide pre-analytical recommendations for obtaining of cell free DNA from peripheral blood. These recommendations include the type of sample and extraction tube, the method of centrifugation, the method for cell free DNA extraction, and measurement and storage conditions

Differences in gene expression profiling and biomarkers between histological colorectal carcinoma subsets from the serrated pathway.

AIMS: To discern the differences in expression profiling of two histological subtypes of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) arising from the serrated route (serrated adenocarcinoma (SAC) and CRC showing histological and molecular features of a high level of microsatellite instability (hmMSI-H) both sharing common features (female gender, right-sided location, mucinous histology, and altered CpG methylation), but dramatically differing in terms of prognosis, development of an immune response, and treatment options. METHODS AND RESULTS: Molecular signatures of SAC and hmMSI-H were obtained by the use of transcriptomic arrays; quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to validate differentially expressed genes. An over-representation of innate immunity functions (granulomonocytic recruitment, chemokine production, Toll-like receptor signalling, and antigen processing and presentation) was obtained from this comparison, and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) was more highly expressed in hmMSI-H, whereas two genes [those encoding calcitonin gene-related peptide-receptor component protein and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CXCL14)] were more highly expressed in SAC. These array results were subsequently validated by qPCR, and by IHC for CXCL14 and ICAM1. Information retrieved from public databanks confirmed our findings. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight specific functions and genes that provide a better understanding of the role of the immune response in the serrated pathological route and may be of help in identifying actionable molecules.

Recomendaciones para la optimización del uso de marcadores tumorales de utilización frecuente. Recomendación (2018) / Recommendations for the optimization of the use of frequently used tumor markers. Recommendation 2018

Este documento describe las causas de error más frecuentes en la medición de marcadores tumorales séricos proteicos en sus diferentes fases: preanalítica, analítica y postanalítica y recomendaciones para detectar y solventar problemas, así como la interpretación de los resultados de los marcadores tumorales en la práctica clínica

This document describes the most frequent causes of error in the measurement of 13 serum protein tumour markers in their different phases: preanalytical, analytical and 14 postanalytic and recommendations to detect and solve problems, as well as the 15 interpretation of the results of the Tumor Markers in clinical practice

Herramientas para la evaluación de las competencias profesionales / Toolkit for professional competencies assessment of Medicine Laboratory specialists

No disponible

Recertificación de los especialistas en Análisis Clínicos y Bioquímica Clínica / Re-accreditation of specialists in Clinical Analysis and Clinical Biochemistry

La recertificación consiste en certificar la renovación de las competencias específicas de los profesionales titulados referidos en la ley de ordenación de las profesiones sanitarias. El objetivo es certificar que el profesional esté cualificado para realizar un ejercicio profesional con el fin de garantizar una asistencia sanitaria de calidad. Las organizaciones colegiales profesionales y las sociedades científicas deben contribuir a facilitar el camino del desarrollo profesional y a la Administración sanitaria le corresponde ser valedora y garante en todo el proceso (AU)

Re-accreditation consists in certifying the renewal of specific competencies of qualified professionals as mentioned in the health profession management law. The objective is to certify that the professional is qualified to perform a professional exercise in order to guarantee quality healthcare. The professional bodies and scientific societies should contribute by facilitating the continuing professional development, and the Health Administration should be responsible for guaranteeing the whole process (AU)

Expression profiling shows differential molecular pathways and provides potential new diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal serrated adenocarcinoma.

Serrated adenocarcinoma (SAC) is a recently recognized colorectal cancer (CRC) subtype accounting for 7.5 to 8.7% of CRCs. It has been shown that SAC has a poorer prognosis and has different molecular and immunohistochemical features compared with conventional carcinoma (CC) but, to date, only one previous study has analyzed its mRNA expression profile by microarray. Using a different microarray platform, we have studied the molecular signature of 11 SACs and compared it with that of 15 matched CC with the aim of discerning the functions which characterize SAC biology and validating, at the mRNA and protein level, the most differentially expressed genes which were also tested using a validation set of 70 SACs and 70 CCs to assess their diagnostic and prognostic values. Microarray data showed a higher representation of morphogenesis-, hypoxia-, cytoskeleton- and vesicle transport-related functions and also an overexpression of fascin1 (actin-bundling protein associated with invasion) and the antiapoptotic gene hippocalcin in SAC all of which were validated both by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. Fascin1 expression was statistically associated with KRAS mutation with 88.6% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity for SAC diagnosis and the positivity of fascin1 or hippocalcin was highly suggestive of SAC diagnosis (sensitivity = 100%). Evaluation of these markers in CRCs showing histological and molecular characteristics of high-level microsatellite instability (MSI-H) also helped to distinguish SACs from MSI-H CRCs. Molecular profiling demonstrates that SAC shows activation of distinct signaling pathways and that immunohistochemical fascin1 and hippocalcin expression can be reliably used for its differentiation from other CRC subtypes.